Predictive value of the coronary artery calcium score and advanced plaque characteristics: Post hoc analysis of the PREDICT registry

BackgroundWhether coronary plaque characteristics assessed in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in association with the coronary artery calcium score (CACS) have predictive value for coronary events is unclear. We aimed to examine the predictive value of the CACS and plaque characteristics for the occurrence of coronary events.MethodsAmong 2802 patients who were analyzed in the PREDICT registry, 2083 with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) were studied using post hoc analysis. High-risk plaques were defined as having ≥2 adverse characteristics, such as low computed tomographic attenuation, positive remodeling, spotty calcification, and napkin-ring sign. An adjudicative composite of coronary events (cardiac death, nonfatal acute coronary syndrome, and coronary revascularization ≥3 months after indexed CCTA) were analyzed.ResultsSeventy-three (3.5%) patients had coronary events and 313 (15.0%) had high-risk plaques. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that high-risk plaques remained an independent predictor of coronary events (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–3.34, P ?= ?0.0154), as well as the log-transformed CACS (adjusted HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.11–1.39, P ?= ?0.0002) and the presence of obstructive stenosis (adjusted HR 5.63, 95% CI 3.22–10.12, P 0.0001). In subgroup analyses, high-risk plaques were independently predictive only in the low CACS class (<100).ConclusionThis study shows that assessment of adverse features by coronary plaque imaging independently predicts coronary events in patients with suspected CAD and a low CACS. Our findings suggest that the clinical value of high-risk plaques to CACS and stenosis assessment appears marginal.     

应用 σ度量对深圳市龙华区三家综合医院临床生化检验结果互认的评价研究

目的　探讨 σ度量在深圳市龙华区三家综合医院临床生化检验结果互认中的应用价值。方法　收集三家医院 2019年广东省临检中心常规化学，特殊蛋白前两次的室间质评（ EQA）样本，经混匀并分割成比对样本送至各评价实验室进行检测；以卫生部临检中心（ NCCL)标准和生物学变异导出的允许总误差（ TEa%）为质量规范，通过加权法计算出各项目 2019年 1～ 6月期间室内质控在控数据的不精密度，以 2018年参加卫生部室间质评（ EQA）数据作为偏倚（ bias%）来源，计算三家医院 29个检验项目的 σ度量值并进行性能评价，利用质量目标指数（ QGI)提出改善方法；将评价项目的 σ度量值与直接比对试验进行比较，通过统计分析确定 σ截断值（ cut-off）。结果　①三家医院 29个生化项目的性能并不一致，将项目中、高值的 σ值进行配对 t检验，其 t值分别为 2.28，3.01和 0.74，按 α =0.05水准判断得出医院 A与 B，医院 A与 C间的性能差异有统计学意义，医院 B与 C间的性能差异无统计学意义，医院 A项目性能要优于 B，C医院。评估的 87个项目中有 53项 σ平均值 <6，根据 QGI判断，3个项目需优先改善准确度，10个项目需同步改善准确度和精密度，另 40个项目需优先改善精密度。②对医院间项目比对通过率进行配对 χ2检验，其 χ2分别为 5.33，6.25和 2.5，按α=0.05水准判断， B与 A医院比对通过率低于 C与 A医院、 C与 B医院，差异有统计学意义； C与 A医院比对通过率跟 C与 B医院差异无统计学意义。③将 σ度量值与直接比对试验进行比较，经配对 χ2检验，当 σ cut-off值取≥ 2σ， ≥ 3σ，≥ 4σ，≥ 5σ和≥ 6σ时，其 χ2分别为 7.20，0.00，9.09，15.06和 16.06，按 χ20.05，1=3.84，α=0.05水准判断，当σcut-off值取≥ 3σ时，两种比对方法的差异无统计学意义。结论　σ度量值可以单独用于评价医院间生化检验结果的互认，在判断项目是否具有可比性时，可考虑将 σ cut-off值设为≥ 3σ。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者血清甲状腺功能指标变化及其影响因素

目的:探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者,血清甲状腺功能指标变化情况,以及相关影响因素。方法:选取2017年6月至2020年6月江门市第二人民医院收治的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者60例作为研究对象,根据患者的病情,将其分为轻度组(n=20)、中度组(n=21)和重度组(n=19),同时选取非阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者25例作为对照组,了解每组患者的血清甲状腺功能指标情况。结果:中度、重度非阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者的BMI、TSH等指标,明显高于轻度组与对照组。结论:阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者的间歇性缺氧可导致甲状腺激素水平下降。     

两种小阴唇肥大缩小术的临床应用比较

目的探索改良边缘切除法、楔形切除法在小阴唇肥大缩小术中的临床应用效果。方法选取2017年9月-2019年9月在郑州大学第三附属医院行小阴唇肥大缩小术的47例双侧小阴唇肥大患者,根据小阴唇肥大的程度和小阴唇形态分型以及患者需求选择改良边缘切除法22例,楔形切除法25例。比较两组患者的术中出血量、手术时间、切口愈合情况及手术满意度,采用女性性功能指数简表评分(FSFI-6量表)对患者的性生活情况进行评估。结果两组间手术时间比较显示边缘切除法手术时间较楔形切除法短(P<0.05),但两组间术中出血无明显差异(P>0.05)。两组患者术后满意度均较高。两组患者术后性生活湿润度、满意度评分及总评分较术前提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者的术前术后性欲望、性唤醒、性高潮频率方面表现无差异(P>0.05)。结论两种小阴唇肥大缩小术均可有效治疗小阴唇肥大,医生需结合患者小阴唇肥大类型和个人审美要求制定设计个性化的治疗方案。     

Cardiac Transitional Care Effectiveness: Does Overall Comorbidity Burden Matter?

BackgroundCardiovascular disease is the most common cause of mortality and hospitalization in the United States. Transitional care initiatives can improve outcomes for cardiac patients, but it is unclear whether patients with different baseline comorbidity burden benefit equally. We evaluated the effectiveness of the Bridging the Discharge Gap Effectively (BRIDGE) program, a nurse-practitioner-led transitional care clinic, in mitigating adverse clinical outcomes in cardiac patients with varying Charlson comorbidity index (CCI).MethodsWe studied patients referred to BRIDGE between 2008 and 2017 postdischarge for a cardiac condition. Using proportional hazards regression models, we evaluated associations between attendance at BRIDGE and hospital readmission, emergency department (ED) visit, and a composite outcome consisting of readmission, ED visit, or mortality, and assessed interaction between BRIDGE attendance and CCI.ResultsOf 4559 patients, 3256 (71.4%) attended BRIDGE. In patients with low CCI, attendance at BRIDGE was inversely associated with hospital readmission (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69, 0.97, P = .02) and the composite endpoint (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.98, P = .02). Associations of BRIDGE attendance with both readmission and ED visit were significantly weaker in patients with high CCI (adjusted P, interaction = .007 and .03, respectively). Overall, BRIDGE attendance was associated with an 11% lower hazard of developing the composite endpoint (95% CI: 2%, 19%, P = .01).ConclusionsAttendance at a transitional care clinic is inversely associated with risk of readmission and a composite endpoint in cardiac patients with low CCI. Future research should investigate modified transitional care programs in patients with varying comorbidity burden.     

孕前超重及肥胖女性孕中期子宫-胎盘血流动力学的变化

目的探讨孕前超重及肥胖女性孕中期子宫-胎盘血流动力学及胎儿生长发育指标的变化。 方法回顾性选取2019年6月至2020年9月在唐都医院进行产前检查并行胎儿超声心动图检查的孕妇127例。依据孕前体质量指数（BMI）将孕妇分为正常对照组55例、超重组45例和肥胖组27例。对3组孕妇的一般资料、子宫-胎盘血流、胎儿生物学测量指标和大脑中动脉、脐动脉血流进行比较分析。 结果与正常组孕妇相比，超重组及肥胖组孕妇双侧子宫动脉收缩期峰值血流速度（Vs）、舒张期峰值血流速度（Vd）及搏动指数（PI）均升高，3组比较差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05），其中肥胖组孕妇双侧子宫动脉PI较超重组升高（P均＜0.05）。与正常组比较，肥胖组和超重组胎儿脐动脉游离段血流速度不同程度减低，3组比较差异均有统计学意义（Vs：F值=4.41，P=0.01；Vd：F值=4.03，P=0.02）；进一步两两比较，超重组与正常组Vd比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；肥胖组与正常组Vs比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论孕前超重及肥胖女性孕中期子宫-胎盘循环血流动力学已经出现明显改变，应用超声实时监测这些参数变化对指导临床合理控制孕期体重，避免或减少相关并发症有潜在价值。     

功能性心肌血流指数评价缺血性冠心病可行性分析

目的:运用功能性心肌血流指数(MBFI)评价缺血性冠心病(ICAD)可行性分析。方法:回顾性分析冠心病疑似患者行冠状动脉CT血管成像(CCTA)检查,同期接受有创冠状动脉造影(ICA)及导管法心肌血流储备分数(FFR)检查共81例患者,其中男性43例,女性38例,年龄(59.27±9.09)岁;计算MBFI;以FFR≤0.80为金标准,分别以四格表诊断试验确定MBFI与ICA的最佳切点值来判断ICAD;评价MBFI、ICA的ROC曲线特征及诊断准确度。结果:81例患者,CCTA扫描平均剂量为(3.06±1.22)mSv。MBFI、ICA最佳切点值分别为0.074、70%,25例患者FFR≤0.80。MBFI、ICA两者ROC曲线下面积分别为0.825、0.699(Z=2.024,P=0.0429),其敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为88.00%、80.35%、66.67%、93.75%和76.00%、51.79%、41.30%、82.86%,诊断准确度分别为82.72%、59.26%(χ2=10.753,P<0.01)。33例患者(40.74%,33/81)ICA狭窄程度为65%或70%,其中27例患者(81.82%,27/33)心肌不缺血,运用MBFI值大于0.074可明确23例患者心肌并不缺血(69.70%,23/33)。结论:MBFI属于功能性指标,可用于排查缺血性冠心病。